2014년 12월 6일 토요일

Final Draft


Returns of Ebola patient in Korea

  Recently, in southwest Africa Ebola viruses are broken up. Not only Africans are infected but many foreigners are infected too. On August in USA, the argue about returning of doctor Kent Brantly who contracted the Ebola virus at Liberia was a hot issue. At this point, people have to consider whether infectious disease, like Ebola, patient should return to their home country. Korean government also makes the patient return to their home country although there is an undeniable hazard, flow of the infectious disease to the country. Of course, there is not just a bad situation when the infectious patient returned to their country. The returned patient sometimes get better than before thanks to his or her country's great medical system. Nonetheless, there is one fact that is nothing to sneeze, flow of the disease.  The unconditional return of Ebola patient should not be allowed in Korea.


  Before starting to argue, It is needed to give some information of Ebola and examples of flow of communicable disease from abroad. Ebola virus disease (called Ebola simply) is a communicable disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Patient would recognize their symptoms between two days and three weeks after contracting. Symptoms are fever, sore throats, muscle pain and headache like normal cold. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash follow and some patients begin to bleed externally and internally. The study of vaccine has been ongoing all around the world. Some successful results of clinical demonstration are reported but there is no certain result that the vaccine is helpful to treat the Ebola viruses. From now on, I want to emphasize the serious of flow of communicable disease from abroad by examples. In fact, the rates of flow of communicable disease are increased, increasing travelers or volunteers abroad. There are 1108 cases of flow of communicable disease from 2001 to 2008. Cases of Malaria are the most cases as 340 and Dengue follows as 262. There are no examples of the spread of communicable disease through return of communicable disease. The number of cases said that Korea is very vulnerable to flow of disease from abroad.


   The government of Korea has a duty to protect their people. According to article 10 Constitution of Korea,
 "All citizens shall be assured of human dignity and worth and have the right to pursue happiness. It is the duty of the State to confirm and guarantee the fundamental and inviolable human rights of individuals."
  People have rights to be safety for their happiness. It is inviolable human rights, so the state has a duty to protect their people. To this thesis, many opponents would criticize that the patient is also their people. In this thesis, my focused point is the safety. The government has to protect their people from many dangers. For example, the government should protect their people from Ebola disease. The government should keep in mind that Ebola has powerful contagiousness, and there is no appropriate vaccine.
  Korea has very vulnerable disease control system. The reason that USA let patients return to the USA is that they have systematic control disease center, and they are convinced their control disease system can do their role. However, the Korea control disease center doesn't have enough information about Ebola,  and they don't have much experience that control the serious infectious disease. The USA CDC has studied Ebola virus and vaccine for a long time, and they have various experience. In addition, Koreans can't trust the Korea's CDC. There are some examples; Last august one man entered to the Korea in Busan. The man was from Liberia where the Ebola virus is spread. Suddenly, the man disappeared. People were anxious and criticized the government. The government should keep in mind the man's location and identity because he is possible to be an Ebola patient. This case showed that the government doesn't do their role well. The Korea CDC is not systematic and effective. How people trust them and let the patient return to Korea?

    Many opponents would criticize my opinion. They argue that the government couldn't ignore their people's death, and the protection of the government is ethical. In addition, they support their argument by USA's return. The patient who is returned to the USA was treated well and got better than before. It can not be ignore, but it is the case of the USA. As I said before, the USA has the greatest medical system and control disease center. They have studied Ebola virus and vaccine for a long time. In Korea, there is not enough studies about Ebola. If the patients are returned to the Korea, there will be more dangerous than lucky. Furthermore, the government consider which choice can be more effective and safe. To protect people from infectious disease, the best way is to blockade. In Korea, the returns of Ebola patients should not be allowed.

   This essay argues whether the Ebola patient should return to their country unconditionally. This topic is crucial because the Ebola virus is now a severe issue in the world. The Ebola virus spread very fast. Nonetheless, the appropriate vaccine have not invented yet. In this case, prevention is the best way to protect people from the disease. To do so, the government should reconsider the patient's return. Also, they have to try to build systematic and effective medical system and control disease center. This argument could sound violent and unethical, but this way is an effective way to Korea in this situation. Through my argument, I want the Korean government reviews their system and the opportunity to protect people from enormous danger. There is an adage, 'Look before you leap'. I think this time is to look before you leap.


References

the rule of  Korea when Koreans are infected the communicable disease in foreign country.
http://news.donga.com/3/all/20030427/7938744/1

the reaction about returning of the Ebola patient in America
http://strangerca.tistory.com/1078

the reaction of each country about the Ebola virus 
https://mirror.enha.kr/wiki/2014%20%EC%84%9C%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%20%EC%97%90%EB%B3%BC%EB%9D%BC%20%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%89/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%20%EA%B0%81%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98%20%EB%8C%80%EC%B2%98%20%EB%B0%8F%20%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91

the increase of inflow of international infectious disease
http://jhealthmedia.joins.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=1749

examples and current situation of flow of communicable disease from abroad
https://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBwQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.go.kr%2FCDC%2Fcms%2FcmsFileDownload.jsp%3Ffid%3D31%26cid%3D12212%26fieldName%3Dattach1%26index%3D1&ei=ykloVJruHcHamAX-qoGACw&usg=AFQjCNFrUBKIjpGSTVuajgUMxoyyd87_1w&sig2=Y824vsCd8I1-SOrH_VorcA&bvm=bv.79142246,d.dGY&cad=rjt

What is Ebola Virus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

2014년 11월 16일 일요일

The Second Draft

  Recently, in south-west Africa Ebola viruses are broken up. Not only Africans are infected but many foreigners are infected too. On August in USA, the argue about returning of doctor Kent Brantly who contracted the Ebola virus at Liberia was hot issue. At this point, we have to consider whether infectious disease, like Ebola, patient should return to their home country. Most countries make the patient return to their home country although there is a undeniable hazard, flow of the infectious disease to the country. Of course, there is not just a bad situation when the infectious patient returned to their country. The returned patient sometimes get better than before thanks to his or her country's great medical system. Nonetheless, there is one fact that is nothing to sneeze, flow of the disease. I think that the unconditional return of  Ebola patient should not be allowed.


  Before I start to argue, I want to give some information of Ebola and examples of flow of communicable disease from abroad. Ebola virus disease (called simply Ebola) is a communicable disease of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Symptoms appear between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus. Symptoms are fever, sore throats, muscle pain and headache like normal cold. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash follow and some patients begin to bleed externally and internally. The study for vaccine has been ongoing all around the world. Some successful results of clinical demonstration are reported but there are no certain result that the vaccine is really helpful to treat the Ebola viruses. I think I give you enough information to understand my arguments. From now on, I want to emphasize the serious of flow of communicable disease from abroad by examples. In fact, the rates of flow of communicable disease are increased, increasing abroad travelers or volunteers. There are 1108 cases of flow of communicable disease from 2001 to 2008. Cases of Malaria are the most cases as 340 and Dengue follows as 262. There are no examples of the spread of communicable disease through return of communicable disease. The number of cases said that Korea is very vulnerable to flow of disease from abroad.


  The government have a duty to protect their people. According to article 10 Constitution of Korea, All citizens shall be assured of human dignity and worth and have the right to pursue happiness. It is the duty of the State to confirm and guarantee the fundamental and inviolable human rights of individuals. People have rights to be safety for their happiness. It is inviolable human rights, so the state has a duty to protect their people. To this thesis, many opponents would criticize that the patient is also their people. In this thesis, my focused point is the safety. The government have to protect their people from many danger. For example, the government should protect their people from Ebola disease. The government should keep in mind that Ebola has powerful contagiousness and there is no appropriate vaccine.
 
  There are few countries which have systematic disease control system. Especially Korea has very vulnerable disease control system. The reason that USA let patients return to the USA is that they have systematic control disease center and they are convinced their control disease system can do their role. However, the Korea control disease center doesn't have enough information about Ebola and they don't have much experience that control the serious infectious disease. The USA CDC has studied Ebola virus and vaccine for a long time and they have various experience. In addition, I can't trust the Korea's CDC. There are some examples; Last august one man entered to the Korea in Busan. The man was from Liberia where the Ebola virus is spread. Suddenly, the man disappeared. People were anxious and criticized the government. The government should keep in mind the man's location and identity because he is possible to be a Ebola patient. This case showed that the government doesn't do their role well. Like this the Korea CDC are not systematic and effective. How people trust them and let the patient return to Korea? 

  Many opponents would criticize my opinion. They argue that the government couldn't ignore their people's death and the protection of the government is ethical. In addition, they support their argument by USA's return. The patient who is returned to the USA was treated well and got better than before. It is unignorable fact, but it is the case of the USA. As i said before, the USA has the greatest medical system and control disease center. They have studied ebola virus and vaccine for a long time. Their studies is not compatible to other countries, so the patient could get better. In Korea,there is not enough studies about Ebola. If the patients are returned to the Korea, there would be more dangerous than lucky. Furthermore, the government consider which choice can be more effective and safe. To protect people from infectious disease, the best way is to blockade. It sounds too violent and unethical. I just express my idea. I don't think my opinion is always truth. I propose just one hypothesis. In my opinion, the ebola patient's return is not right.

  I argue whether the Ebola patient should return to their country unconditionally. This topic is very important because the Ebola virus is now a very serious issue in the world. The Ebola virus spread very fast. Nonetheless, the appropriate vaccine have not invented yet. In this case, prevention is the best way to protect people from the disease. To do so, the government should reconsider the patient's return. Also they have to try to build systematic and effective medical system and control disease center. My argument could sounds violent and unethical, but this way is the effective way to us in this situation. Through my argument, I want the government review their system and the opportunity to protect people from enormous danger. There is adage, 'Look before you leap'. I think this time is to look before you leap.

2014년 10월 26일 일요일

The First Draft

  

  Recently, in south-west Africa Ebola viruses are broken up. Not only Africans are infected but many foreigners are infected too. On August in USA, the argue about returning of doctor Kent Brantly who contracted the Ebola virus at Liberia was hot issue. At this point, we have to consider whether infectious disease, like Ebola, patient should return to their home country. Most countries make the patient return to their home country although there is a undeniable hazard, flow of the infectious disease to the country. Of course, there is just a bad situation when the infectious patient returned to their country. The returned patient sometimes get better than before thanks to his or her country's great medical system. Nonetheless, there is one fact that is nothing to sneeze, flow of the disease. I think It is valuable to discuss whether the infectious patient have to be returned to their country.

  People already know about Ebola virus is one of the most fatal disease in the world. They also are aware of there is no appropriate vaccine and Ebola virus is very contagious. Recently, American doctor, Kent Brantly who is contracted by the Ebola virus, returned to the USA although many Americans disagree to his return. Like this, people have already known about the seriousness of Ebola virus, but they disagree with the return of the Ebola patient. Some people said that government have to protect their people. Other people said that the risk of return is impossible to ignore. I will focus on the safety of people and the real duty of government. If i'm right, the government should review their system about Ebola virus. Also people should reconsider the government's duty and their safety. They have to reconsider about the priority to the government. The government would try to build systematic and effective disease control system. If I'm right and people ignore me, Ebola virus would flow in Korea and many people would be in danger. Besides Ebola virus, there would be another more serious infectious disease. If people ignore me, they would do like what they did. They would commit the fatal mistake again.

  The government have a duty to protect their people. To this thesis, many opponents would criticize that the patient is also their people. In this thesis, my focused point is the safety. The government have to protect their people from many danger. For example, the government should protect their people from Ebola disease. The government should keep in mind that Ebola has powerful contagiousness and there is no appropriate vaccine.
  In Korea, there is no systematic disease control system. The reason that USA let patients return to the USA is that they have systematic control disease center and they are convinced their control disease system can do their role. However, the Korea control disease center doesn't have enough information about Ebola and they don't have much experience that control the serious infectious disease. The USA CDC has studied Ebola virus and vaccine for a long time and they have various experience. In addition, I can't trust the Korea's CDC. There are some examples; Last august one man entered to the Korea in Busan. The man was from Liberia where the Ebola virus is spread. Suddenly, the man disappeared. People were anxious and criticized the government. The government should keep in mind the man's location and identity because he is possible to be a Ebola patient. This case showed that the government doesn't do their role well. Like this the Korea CDC are not systematic and effective. How people trust them and let the patient return to Korea?

  Many opponents would criticize my opinion. They argue that the government couldn't ignore their people's death and the protection of the government is ethical. In addition, they support their argument by USA's return. The patient who is returned to the USA was treated well and got better than before. It is unignorable fact, but it is the case of the USA. As i said before, the USA has the greatest medical system and control disease center. They have studied ebola virus and vaccine for a long time. Their studies is not compatible to other countries, so the patient could get better. In Korea,there is not enough studies about Ebola. If the patients are returned to the Korea, there would be more dangerous than lucky. Furthermore, the government consider which choice can be more effective and safe. To protect people from infectious disease, the best way is to blockade. It sounds too violent and inethical. I just express my idea. I don't think my opinion is always truth. I propose just one hypothesis. In my opinion, the ebola patient's return is not right.

  I argue whether the Ebola patient should return to their country. This topic is very important because the Ebola virus is now a very serious issue in the world. The Ebola virus spread very fast. Nonetheless, the appropriate vaccine have not invented yet. In this case, prevention is the best way to protect people from the disease. To do so, the government should reconsider the patient's return. Also they have to try to build systematic and effective medical system and control disease center. My argument could sounds violent and inethical, but this way is the effective way to us in this situation. Through my argument, I want the government review their system and the opportunity to protect people from enormous danger. There is adage, 'Look before you leap'. I think this time is to look before you leap.
 

The Conclusion

I argue whether the Ebola patient should return to their country. This topic is very important because the Ebola virus is now a very serious issue in the world. The Ebola virus spread very fast. Nonetheless, the appropriate vaccine have not invented yet. In this case, prevention is the best way to protect people from the disease. To do so, the government should reconsider the patient's return. Also they have to try to build systematic and effective medical system and control disease center. My argument could sounds violent and inethical, but this way is the effective way to us in this situation. Through my argument, I want the government review their system and the opportunity to protect people from enormous danger. There is adage, 'Look before you leap'. I think this time is to look before you leap.

The Refutaiton and Concession

Many opponents would criticize my opinion. They argue that the government couldn't ignore their people's death and the protection of the government is ethical. In addition, they support their argument by USA's return. The patient who is returned to the USA was treated well and got better than before. It is unignorable fact, but it is the case of the USA. As i said before, the USA has the greatest medical system and control disease center. They have studied ebola virus and vaccine for a long time. Their studies is not compatible to other countries, so the patient could get better. In Korea,there is not enough studies about Ebola. If the patients are returned to the Korea, there would be more dangerous than lucky. Furthermore, the government consider which choice can be more effective and safe. To protect people from infectious disease, the best way is to blockade. It sounds too violent and inethical. I just express my idea. I don't think my opinion is always truth. I propose just one hypothesis. In my opinion, the ebola patient's return is not right.

2014년 10월 25일 토요일

The Confirmation

 The government have a duty to protect their people. To this thesis, many opponents would criticize that the patient is also their people. In this thesis, my focused point is the safety. The government have to protect their people from many danger. For example, the government should protect their people from ebola disease. The government should keep in mind that ebola has powerful contagiousness and there is no appropriate vaccine.   
 In Korea, there is no systematic disease control system. The reason that USA let patients return to the USA is that they have systematic control disease center and they are convinced their control disease system can do their role. However, the Korea control disease center doesn't have enough information about ebola and they don't have much experience that control the serious infectious disease. The USA CDC has studied Ebola virus and vaccine for a long time and they have various experience. In addition, I can't trust the Korea's CDC. There are some examples; Last august one man entered to the Korea in Busan. The man was from Liberia where the ebola virus is spread. Suddenly, the man disappeared. People were anxious and criticized the government. The government should keep in mind the man's location and identity because he is possible to be a ebola patient. This case showed that the government doesn't do their role well. Like this the Korea CDC are not systematic and effective. How people trust them and let the patient return to Korea?

The narration

1. What do people already know about my topic?
- Ebola virus is one of the most fatal disease in the world. There is no appropriate vaccine and Ebola virus is very contagious. Recently, American doctor, Kent Brantly who is contracted by the ebola virus, returned to the USA although many americans disagree to his return.

2. What research has already been done about my topic?

3. What are the implications of my argument (What if I’m right? What if I’m right and people ignore me?)
- If i'm right, the government should review their system about ebola virus. Also people should reconsider the government's duty and their safety. They have to reconsider about the priority to the government. The government would try to build systematic and effective disease control system.  If I'm right and people ignore me, ebola virus would flow in Korea and many people would be in danger. Besides Ebola virus, there would be another more serious infectious disease. If people ignore me, they would do like what they did. They would commit the fatal mistake again.

<Narration>

People already know about ebola vrius is one of the most fatal disease in the world.
They also are aware of there is no appropriate vaccine and Ebola virus is very contagious. Recently, American doctor, Kent Brantly who is contracted by the ebola virus, returned to the USA although many americans disagree to his return. Like this, people have already known about the seriousness of ebola virus, but they disagree with the return of the ebola patient. Some people said that government have to protect their people. Other people said that the risk of return is impossible to ignore. I will focus on the safety of people and the real duty of government. If  i'm right, the government should review their system about ebola virus. Also people should reconsider the government's duty and their safety. They have to reconsider about the priority to the government. The government would try to build systematic and effective disease control system.  If I'm right and people ignore me, ebola virus would flow in Korea and many people would be in danger. Besides Ebola virus, there would be another more serious infectious disease. If people ignore me, they would do like what they did. They would commit the fatal mistake again.

2014년 10월 20일 월요일

The introduction



 
   Recently, in south-west africa ebola viruses are broken up. Not only africans are infected but many foreigners are infected too.  On August in USA, the argue about returning of doctor Kent Brantly who contracted the ebola virus at Liberia was hot issue.  At this point, we have to consider whether infectious disease, like Ebola, patient should return to their home country. Most countries make the patient return to their home country although there is a undeniable hazard, flow of the infectious disease to the country. Of course, there is just a bad situation when the infectious patient returned to their country. The returned patient sometimes get better than before thanks to his or her country's great medical system. Nonetheless, there is one fact that is nothing to sneeze, flow of the disease. I think It is valuable to discuss whether the infectious patient have to be returned to their country.
 

2014년 10월 6일 월요일

Classical Argument Outline

The Introduction


I will state the current situation of Ebloa virus : The Ebola virus was broken out in the South Africa, February, 2014. Since February, the Ebola virus has been spread to some countries of the Southafica rapidly. According to WHO, 5762 persons contracted to Ebola , and 2746 patients died due to the Ebola so far. In August, the American doctor, Kent Brantly, who is contracted by Ebola returned to the USA to treat. It was the first time that Ebola patient came to the USA. Many Americans worried about his returning. 
At this point, I wonder whether infectious disease, like Ebola, patient should return to their home country.

The narration

I will summarize the current rule of Korea when Korean contracts the international infectious disease in abroad. I will state the reaction of Americans toward the returning of Ebola patients.

The confirmation

I will support my argument by the examples. The examples are the cases that the infectious disease spread by entrance of patient. Also I will summarize the current situation of Korea, lack of medical system. 

The refutation and concession

I will state the opponent's argument ; the case of America I will refute this by the lack of Korea medical system. I will emphasize the case of Korea. In addition, I will the case of first outbreak of Ebola in the USA

The summation 

I will end my essay by summarizing the current situation of Ebola. I will emphasize that Korea is also in danger, we have to be ready to Ebola viruses.

2014년 9월 22일 월요일

Articulation

1.  My Argument : Korea should not let the foreign infectious  korean patient return to korea.

- Recently, in south-west africa eblola viruses are broken up. Not only africans are infected but many foreigners are infected too. The problem of ebola virus is getting serious, so the government of Korea also prepares measures. Last month in USA, the argue about returning of doctor Kent Brantly who contracted the ebola virus at Liberia was hot issue. On SNS, many people disagreed this returnig and propsed the plot that the government of USA use the virus to control the people. However, the patient returned to his country, USA. Fortunately, the doctor become better thanks to the medical system of USA. This case just only can be applied in the country having methodical medical system or disease control center. Basically, Korea also let the infectious korean patient return to Korea when the patient is abroad. Becuase Korea does not have any medical system or disease control center enough to care the patient. If the patient come into Korea, the possiblity of spread of disease is getting higher rapidly.


2. How I found my argument

My research question was 'what is the current way of the government when foreign infectious disease patient outbreaks?' I found the answer in this news http://news.donga.com/3/all/20030427/7938744/1. Basically, If korean contracts the infectious disease, the government make him or her return to korea (when the patient agrees this) and seperate the patient and treat him or her. Another question was

'Is there real example that serious problem outbreaks when international infectious disease patient returns one’s country?' I also could found the example. In Honkong, 2009, the period of the entrance of the internationl students from the USA and Canada, swine flu were flowed to Honkong.
 

3. New reseaerch quesiton

- In korea, are there any control center to control the disease and study them?
 

4. Connects to Harvard Sampler

My argument is related with 'Medical detectives' in Harvard Sampler. Because My argument is about the disease, especially infecitous disease. Also returning infectious patient is very connected to study of the disease. People can dectect how disease were spreaded and what is the treatment through returning patient. There,however,might be a seirous problem of spread of disease if the medical system is not perfect.

 


2014년 9월 1일 월요일

Research Post

source :


the rule of korea when koreans are infected the communicable disease in foreign country.
http://news.donga.com/3/all/20030427/7938744/1

the reaction about returning of the ebola patient in America
http://strangerca.tistory.com/1078

the reaction of each country about the ebola virus
https://mirror.enha.kr/wiki/2014%20%EC%84%9C%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%20%EC%97%90%EB%B3%BC%EB%9D%BC%20%EC%9C%A0%ED%96%89/%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%20%EA%B0%81%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98%20%EB%8C%80%EC%B2%98%20%EB%B0%8F%20%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91

the increase of inflow of international infectious disease
http://jhealthmedia.joins.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=1749

examples and current situation of flow of communicable disease from abroad

https://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBwQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.go.kr%2FCDC%2Fcms%2FcmsFileDownload.jsp%3Ffid%3D31%26cid%3D12212%26fieldName%3Dattach1%26index%3D1&ei=ykloVJruHcHamAX-qoGACw&usg=AFQjCNFrUBKIjpGSTVuajgUMxoyyd87_1w&sig2=Y824vsCd8I1-SOrH_VorcA&bvm=bv.79142246,d.dGY&cad=rjt

What is Ebola Virus?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

2014년 8월 25일 월요일

RESEARCH PROPOSAL


What is my current topic?

the problem that korean patient who contracts serious infectious disease like ebola virus should be returned korea.
 

What are my guiding questions?

  • What is infectious disease?
  • What is the current way of the government when foreign infectious disease patient outbreaks?
  • What problem occurs if international infectious disease patient returns one’s country?
  • Is there real example that serious problem outbreaks when international infectious disease patient returns one’s country?
  • Why international infectious disease patients have to return their countries?
  • Are there any system or center that studys and controls the infectious disease in Korea?
  • Are there any way to help patient who is abroad?

What are my current thoughts?

  • I disagree that the  foreign infectious disease patient returns one's country in case of Korea.
  • Some kinds of the communicable disease (ex.Ebola, SARS.....) can be spread through air. In that case, the speed of spreading disease is unpredictably fast.
  • Recently in the USA, the debate about this topic has been hot because of returning problems of the ebola patients. The government of USA claimed that if ebola patient enters the USA, there will be no problems and be totally safe, but the people don't trust them, and plot that the government uses ebola viruses to control the people is spreaded quickly in SNS.
  • In Korea, there are no effective disease control center. Government doesn't do their roles well.
  • I want to persuade people who insist that patients have to return their countrys without considerations about the countries ability to manage the disease.

What is my opposition?

  • My opponents would say that the government has a duty to protect their people.
  • Most of infectious diseases are caused in undeveloped countries where medical system is poor.